Resources for Water Water Everywhere? – a presentation to Flathead Audobon, May 18, 2024.

Quote: Population in the Flathead Valley has increased by more than 25 percent in the last decade to about 70,000, all of whom, with the exception of Whitefish, rely on groundwater, primarily from the deep aquifer. The deep confined aquifer in the Flathead Valley is a thick deposit of gravel and sand, the top of which lies 75 to over 400 feet below the land surface. This deep aquifer is the most utilized aquifer in the valley, supplying high-capacity municipal and irrigation wells in addition to thousands of domestic wells. Continued growth and localized water-level declines in the deep aquifer have raised concern about potential impacts from withdrawals.: https://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/gwip/projects/project_flathead.html#gsc.tab=0

3-Dimensional Geologic Model of the Flathead River Valley at Kalispell, Montana: https://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/gwip/gwip_pdf/2016/2016FRC_Geology.pdf

MBMG Geology of Montana: https://mbmg.mtech.edu/pubs/GeologyOfMontana/

How Much Water Are We Sitting On Anyway?: https://mbmg.mtech.edu/gwip/gwip_pdf/2016/gwip_2016FCDaquifer-poster-text.pdf

Flathead Watershed Sourcebook: http://www.flatheadwatershed.org/watershed/hydrology.shtml

Principal Aquifers of Montana: https://mbmg.mtech.edu/pdf/geologyvolume/LaFavePrincipalAquifersFinal.pdf

Groundwater Connection with Streams: https://books.gw-project.org/groundwater-in-our-water-cycle/chapter/groundwater-connection-with-streams/

Aquifer Compaction Due to Groundwater Pumping: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/land-subsidence-in-california/science/aquifer-compaction-due-groundwater-pumping

What is groundwater?: https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/environmental-studies/groundwater#1O14groundwater